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Hello guys,
Back with an amazing article about "Evolution of Music" from (500BCE - Present )
If you haven't checked out my article on the same topic from 60000 BCE - 500 BCE,
Please check that out first on my home page, and then you can check this out :)
Let's Dive In..!!
566 BCE
The First "Great Panathenaea Festival" in "Athens" includes Music and Poetry Contests..!!
Somehow, These images of people living their life without Phones, Laptops or Tabs makes me happy..!
380 BCE
In Plato's republic, the greek philosopher argues that music brings harmony and order to the soul and not just "irrational pleasure"
He urges leaders to stop listening to soft and lazy music.
264 - 31 BCE
The Roman republic conquers new territory from North Africa to the Greece and Egypt, absorbing their musical traditions.
200 BCE
The "Hydraulis", a water powered organ, was invited by Greek engineers.
HYDRAULIS
The worlds first keyboard instrument became widespread under the romans.
55 BCE
The First Permanent Theatre in rome Opens.
THEATRE IN ROME
As in Greek drama, Roman plays and pantomimes are accompanied by music and song.
30 CE
At the death of Jesus, Christianity begins as a jewish sect under roman rule.
Over the next Millennium , early church music will lay the foundations for much of classical music in the west.
54 CE
"Nero" becomes emperor of Rome.
Fond of singing and playing the "lyre", he takes part in public music contests and wins every-time.
82 CE
The "Colosseum" in Rome Opens..!!
It seated 50000 and staged Gladiator shows, Mock battles, and Drama .
Music was an essential part.
476 CE
Barbarians sack the city of Rome.
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
The empire and its musical traditions continue in the east, becoming the "Byzantine Empire"
500 CE
The Late Rome Philosopher "Boethius" wrote "De Institutione Musica", an influential work of music theory that will resurface in Renaissance Europe.
DIDGERIDOO
The "Didgeridoo", a wooden drone instrument is developed by people in Australia.
MUSIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES
590
Gregory is credited, with being the creator of Gregorian chant.
GREGORIAN CHANT
636
The old hispanic chant was prevalent.
ISIDORE
Writings of Isidore ( Arch bishop of Seville ) on music were highly influential.
711
A Plucked Instrument - the "UD" is introduced in Europe, were related instruments such as "lute" and "vihuela" develop in court circle
LUTES VIHUELA
712
Xuanzong found "Pear Garden", A Royal Academy of Music and Drama that will later give rise to chinese Opera.
CHINESE OPERA
790
MAYA CIVILISATION
In Central America, Music flourishes in the "Maya civilisation".
Temple murals at "Bonampak" in Mexico show Maya musicians celebrating a military victory on Trumpets, Whistles, Maracas and Drums.
844
"Musica Disciplina" the Earliest surviving treatise on music in Medieval Europe, is the first to cover plain song and the 8 modes of Church Music.
Written by "Aurelian", a Frankish Former monk.
855
The "Black Bird's Song" is written by an irish monk in Switzerland, and has inspired lyric poets ever since.
870
An anonymous treatise known as "Musica enchiriadis" is the First to establish rules for the composition of Polyphony ( Music for several voices, or parts)
885
"Notker Balbulus", writes a book of "Hymns" or "Sequences" to be sung on feast days, between the "Alleluia" and "Gospel" in the mass.
900
NEUMES
"Neumes" an early form of notation, appear in the chant books.
951
AL FARABI
Arabic philosopher and Musician "AL Farabi" dies, his writings include a study of Music's Therapeutic qualities.
980
England's "Winchester Troper" is the oldest surviving manuscript for notated Polyphony and contains the first known ester play with Music.
1030
MICROLOGUS
"Guido of Arezzo" writes his "Micrologus", revolutionizing notation by introducing the stave and the "Guidonian hand" (Image Below) to enable musicians to sight sing instead of learning by heart.
1140
CODEX CALIXTINUS
The "Codex Calixtinus" is compiled, the manuscript contains a wide range of polyphonic pieces for 2 and three voices, and is preserved in the cathedral of "Santiago De Compostela"in Spain.
1160
Birth of "Perotin"
French composer of the "Notre Dam School" and among the first to compose "Polyphony"
1175
BUNCH OF POETS IN ROME
Falconlied (Falcon song) composed by Austrian Noble "Der Kurengerger" , One of the first "Minnie singers" (Poet singers)
12th Century
MUSIC IN MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPTS
"Gloria", with text and muscial notation was famous.
1260
NOTATION OF SUMMER HAS COME
The english song "Sumer is icumen in " (Summer has come) is the oldest surviving six part polyphony.
1270
TANHAUSER (THEATRE)
Death of "Tanhauser", German Minnie singer.
1300
Parisian music theorist Johannes De Grocheio writes "De Musica" , one of the first treatises to deal with instrumental music.
1304
ANCIENT BOOK - CODEX MANESSE
Compiled in Zurich, the "Codex Manesse" contains love songs by 137 Minnie singers.
1320
"Johannsi De Muris" sets out a new form of notation in " Ars Nove Musice" ( The new Art of Music) with rhythmic modes that allow rapid develpoment of complex polphony works.
SAMPLE OF "ARS NOVE MUSICE"
1349
SINGING SONGS OF WANDERING FLAGELLANTS
German Cleric Hugh Reutlingen compiles "Geisserlieder" (Songs of Wandering Flagellants) - During the Black Death, A Plague that killed around one - quarter of Europe's population.
1361
PIPE ORGAN AT HALBERSTADT, GERMAN
A permanent Organ is installed at Halberstadt, Germany, with 20 bellows operated by 10 men.
1376
A cycle of 48 biblical dramas, each performed by a different guild and accompanied by pipes and tabors (drums)
MONASTIC SCRIBE WORKING ONA MANUSCRIPT
RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
1400
The music of the Old Hall Manuscript - A Large collection of sacred polyphony - shows that English composers are beginning to develop a distinctive, simpler style.
OLD HALL MANUSCRIPT
Birth of Gilles "Binchois" One of the Greatest France - Flemish composers of the 15th century created sacred works and chansons ( Songs in French) that are miniature masterpieces f the early renaissance.
BINCHOIS
1430
DIAGRAM OF HARPSICHORD
The Earliest known diagram of "Harpsichord" is drawn by the Dutch Physician, Astronomer , and Astrologer "Henri Arnaut De Zwolle".
1450
JOHANNES GUTENBERG AND HIS PRINTING PRESS
In Germany, Johannes Gutenburg invents the printing press, which uses movable metallic type to produce more books quickly and cheaply than copying books hand by hand.
It took 50 years for the new technology to be adapted to print music.
1475
The First Ever Dictionary on music was written by a Flemish Composer "Johannes Tinctons"
1501
OTTOVIANO PETRUCCI
In Venice, "Ottoviano Petrucci" is the first to print a book of Polyphony
"Hamonice Musices Odhecaton" using / Containing 96 Chansons
NOTATION OF ALCHETRON BY OTTOVIANO PETRUCCI
The new technology revolutionises the way music is disseminated and boosts other amateur musical activities.
1507
Petrucci is the first to print Instrumental music, with Franseco Spinacino's two volumes of Lute music using Tablature (Notation that indicates the position of the fingers on the frets of the Lute)
1527
PIERRRE ATTAINGMENT NOTATION PRINT
Parisian music printer "Pierre" prints a collection of Chansons Nouvelles in a single impression, using type that combines notes and staves
This technical advance made music printing faster and cheaper.
1530
A Madrigal is a secular vocal music composition of the Renaissance.
French composer "Philippe Vendelot" publishes his first book of "Madrigals"
Combining elements of French Chanson and Italian Frottola, The Madrigal rapidly achieves popularity across Europe.
1542
VIRTUSO SILVESTRO GANASSI's "Viola D'arco tastada"
Venetian recorder "Virtuso Silvestro Ganassi" publishes a treatise on the "Art of Ornamentation", for adding the performer's own improvised embellishments to a melody
1567
CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI
Birth of Italian Composer "Claudio Monteverdi", whose choral and operatic masterpieces will bridge Renaissance and Baroque music.
"Birth Of Opera"
1589
"Orchesographie" - A French encyclopedia of dance, Steps, and music
It is none of the several renaissance anthologies that reflect the passion for dance at all levels of society.
Dowland's First book of songs, for a consort of singers and musicians to share.
THE BAROQUE SPIRIT
1600
"Guilio caccini" and "Jaccopo peri " write "Eurydice", the oldest surviving opera.
"La rappresentatione di anima et di corpo " by "Emilio de Cavelieri"
It was staged in Rome.
1608
"Girolamo Frescobaldi" publishes his first book of "Four Part Fantasies"
GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI
1626
"The Kings 24 strings" is formed as the court orchestra of Loius XIII of France
1627
Heinrich Schutz writes "La Dafne", the first Opera in German
1658
THE SPECTACULAR COURT LOOKED LIKE THIS.
Anotnios Cest's Opera "Il Pomo D'oro" is staged in Vienna.
It is one of the most spectacular court entertainmens of the Era.
1672
Public concerts were held in England,
Trumpets were made.
1685
This year sees the birth of three Major Baroque Composers
J.S.BACH
DOMENICA SCARLATTI
HENRY PURCELL
OLDEST PIANO
MUSIC HALL, DUBLIN
THE SAME THEATRE NOW LOOKS LIKE THIS
HAYDN AND MOZART PLAY CHAMBER MUSIC TOGETHER
A SCENE FROM "THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO"
A LADY PLAYING A SQUARE PIANO
1695
English Composer "Henry Purcell" dies after composing the funeral music for "Queen Mary"
1698
In Italy, key board maker "Bartolomeo Cristofori" begins building the
First Piano Forte, which finished by 1700
1700
20 Years Golden Period begins for "Antonio Stradivari", when he will make his Finest Violins and Cellos
1725
Vivaldi publishes a set of 12 concertos, including the "Four seasons"
A highly influential treatise on mastering counterpoint was also published.
1741
J.S.Bach's Epic Keyboard work, the Goldberg Variations, is published in Nuremberg
1743
Handel's oratorio, Messiah, is the first performed at a charity concert in the New Music Hall, Dublin.
1747
KABUKI THEATRE
In Japan, Yoshitsume and Thousand Cherry Trees is adapted from a Puppet Play to become a master piece of "Kabuki Theatre" which combines Drama, Music and Dance.
THE CLASSICAL AGE
1759
Austrian composer Joesph Haydn writes his Symphony in D major.
Quite possibly, his first completed work in the form - opening with a "Mannheim " Crescendo.
1762
MOZART AS A KID
Mozart was 6 years old, He leaves to Salzburg to begin his 1st concert tour.
It includes Munich, Paris and London.
1768
The First concert of Piano Music is given in London by J.S.Bach.
1776
MOSCOW ART THEATRE
Moscow's First Permanent theatre company is founded,
Staging plays, ballet, and Operas.
It is now Imperial Bolshoi Theatre..!!
1781
Mozart goes to Vienna to become free lancing musician
1784
In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart play Chamber Music together
1786
Mozart's "Opera Le Nozzedi Figaro" (The marriage of Figaro) was premiered in Vienna.
1791
Mozart conducts the first performance of his opera "The Magic Flute" in Vienna.
Square Piano Made in London, 1791
BEETHOVEN PLAYING
BEETHOVEN COMPOSING
FIDELIO BY BEETHOVEN
METRONOME - ANCIENT
POLISH FOLK DANCE
EXPERIMENTING - TUBA
THE GRAMAPHONE
THE SOUSAPHONE
METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE NOW
HOT AIR GRAMO PHONE
MUSEUM OF MODERN ART THEN AND NOW
DAVID BOWIE - SPCAE ODDITY
NEIL ARMSTRONG ON MOON
MTV LAUNCH
CD AND CD PLAYER
MP3 FILES
1792
Beethoven starts studying with Haydn in Vienna.
BEETHOVEN AND HAYDN
1796
Beethoven completes his 2 Sonatas (Cello), Op.5
Perfromed them and dedicated them to The King of Prussia.
1801
Beethoven pubishes his piano Sonata no. 14, "The Moon light Sonata"
1805
"Fidelio" Beethoven's first and only Opera , receives its premiere in Vienna and is hailed as a triumph.
1814
German Inventor Johann Malzel's Metronome allows composers, such as Beethoven, to specify the exact speed at which their compositions should be performed.
1816
BEETHOVEN AND THE BROADWOOD PIANO
Beethoven acquires a broadwood Piano from London on which he composes his final sonatas including Piano Sonata no. 29 ( HAmmerklavier)
1819
24 CAPRICES BY PAGANINI
Violin Virtuso Paganini dedicates his 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op.1, to "The artists", fully aware that none but he was capable of playing it.
NATIONALISM AND ROMANCE
1825
Federic Chopin composed the first of almost 70 "Mazurkas" based on Polish Folk Dances - an early and influential example of Musical nationalism.
MAZURKA COMPOSED BY CHOPIN
1827
Franz Schubert meets Beethoven and composes his last song cycle, "Die Winterrise" (THe Winter Journey ), based on poems written by "Wilheim muller"
1831
The Tenor Gilbert - "Loius Duprez snigs" a "High C" in Rossini's Opera "Gugliemlo Jell" ( William Tell ).
This is first time the high note is sung not in a breathy falsetto, but in the more powerful Chest voice .
1838
The First Tenor Tuba is invented by "Carl Wihelm Moritz" adding to the orchestra's instrumentation.
1848
NEWYORK PHILLHARMONICS NOW
Newyork Phillharmonic,
Vienna Phillharmonic orchestras were founded.
becoming two of the earliest professional Orchestras in theWorld.
VIENNA PHILLHARMONIC NOW
1846
ADOLF SAX
Adolf sax invents "Saxophone".
1848
Rediscovery of "Folk Genres"
1853
THE STEINWAY COMPANY PIANO
The "Steinway Company" was founded.
1887
The "Gramaphone" is patented.
1890
The "Sousaphone" was invented
1908
Camille Saint - Saens becomes the first composer to write a Film score, for Henry Lavedan's "The Assassination of the Duke of Guise"
1910
First Radio Broadcast of a Live performance from Metropolitan Opera house, New york.
FIRST RADIO BROADCAST
MUSIC IN THE MODERN AGES
1910
Composer "Arnold Schoenberg writes " Theory of Harmony"
Hot air Gramophone was made.
1925
The Grand Ole Opry Radio Show begins showcasing country music in the united States.
1939
PEOPLE ENJOYING SWING MUSIC
"Swing Music" spreads from the United States to Europe, helping to boost morale among civilians and troops.
1941
Les Paul designs the first Solid Body Electric Guitar
GLOBAL MUSIC
1955
Ali Akbar Khan and Chatur Lal introduce Indian Classical Music to America, at the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
1959
Motown Records in found in Detroit.
1969
Neil Armstrong walks on Moon, and David Bowie release "Space Oddity"
1974
Reggae goes Global
1981
MTV launches in the United States
1982
The Compact Discs( CD) is introduced in Japan.
1983
MICHAEL JACKSON
Michael Jackson does the "MoonWalk"
1994
MP3 files began to appear on the internet, compression huge amount of audio data in a digital format for music streaming and storage.
2001
APPLE ITUNES LAUNCH
Apple's Online Music Store "itunes" opens for Business
2005
YOUTUBE LAUNCHED
Youtube video sharing website is launched.
Wuuuuuuffff....!!
That was a lot of work..!!
So, That's me digging into this really vast concept called "Evolution Of Music"
Right from 60000 BCE to PRESENT..!!
I worked really hard to get my facts right, I hope i'm almost right..!!
I hope you guys enjoyed this article too :)
And don't forget to leave your feedback in the comments below..!!
Much Love..!!
See you in my next article..!! <3
